Bibliography section, and About the Author section. To read the book from it its beginning, click below
Web Links
NIWA web pages: https://niwa.co.nz/our-services/online-services/uv-ozone
UV & You web pages: uv.substack.com
Peer reviewed papers: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-7057
Bibliography
Peer-reviewed publications, in chronological order.
1 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Seasonal variations in stratospheric NO2 at 45S, Geophysical Research Letters, 1982, 9, 1255-1258.
2 R. L. McKenzie and R. M. Nisbet, Applicability of satellite-derived sea surface temperatures in the Fiji region, Remote Sensing of the Environment, 1982, 12, 349-361.
3 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Stratospheric nitrogen dioxide measurements at Arrival Heights, Antarctica, N.Z. Antarctic Record, 1983, 5, 12.
4 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Stratospheric ozone observations simultaneous with NO2 at 45S, Geophysical Research Letters, 1983, 4, 337-340.
5 P. V. Johnston and R. L. McKenzie, Long-path absorption measurements of tropospheric NO2 in rural New Zealand, Geophysical Research Letters, 1984, 11, 69-72.
6 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Southern hemisphere nitrogen dioxide Ozone Symposium, Chalkidiki, 1984, 163-167.
7 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Springtime stratospheric NO2 in Antarctica, Geophysical Research Letters, 1984, 11, 73-75.
8 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Southern hemisphere nitrogen dioxide, in Atmospheric Ozone, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium (Eds.: C. S. Zerefos and A. Ghazi), D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1985, p. 163.
9 R. L. McKenzie, Measurement of nitric oxide column amounts in the atmosphere using the Zeeman modulation technique, D. Phil. thesis, University of Oxford 1986.
10 R. L. McKenzie, First column measurements of atmospheric NO with a radiometer based on the principle of Zeeman modulation, in Proc. Optical Methods in Atmos. Res., 1987, p. 47.
11 R. L. McKenzie, W. A. Matthews, Y. Kondo, R. Zander and et al., Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985, J. Atmos. Chem., 1988, 7, 353-367.
12 R. L. McKenzie and G. D. Peskett, A radiometer based on the principle of Zeeman modulation designed for the measurement of NO in the atmosphere, Applied Optics, 1988, 27, 3475-3481.
13 R. L. McKenzie, G. D. Peskett and H. K. Roscoe, Measurements of stratospheric columns of NO made with the Zeeman modulation radiometer during MAP/GLOBUS, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1988, 93, 14177-14185.
14 R. L. McKenzie and H. K. Roscoe, Zeeman modulation contrasted with pressure modulation in its use in measuring NO from the ground, Applied Optics, 1988, 27, 3988-3993.
15 P. V. Johnston and R. L. McKenzie, NO2 observations at 45S during the decreasing phase of solar cycle 21, from 1980 to 1987, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989, 94, 3473-3486.
16 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, J. M. Zawodny and M. P. McCormick, NO2 column intercomparison between ground-based measurements at Lauder, New Zealand (45°S) and colocated SAGE II satellite measurements, in Ozone in the Atmosphere, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1988 (Eds.: R. D. Bojkov and P. Fabian), A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1989, pp. 310-313.
17 A. Bittar and R. L. McKenzie, Spectral UV intensity measurements at 45°S: 1980 and 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 1990, 95, 5597-5603.
18 R. L. McKenzie and J. M. Elwood, Intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation and its implications for skin cancer, NZ Medical Journal, 1990, 103, 152-154.
19 R. L. McKenzie, Application of a simple model to calculate latitudinal and hemispheric differences in ultraviolet radiation., Weather and Climate, 1991, 11, 3-14.
20 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, C. T. McElroy, J. B. Kerr and S. Solomon, Altitude distributions of stratospheric constituents from ground-based measurements at twilight, J. Geophys. Res., 1991, 96, 15499-15511.
21 R. L. McKenzie, W. A. Matthews and P. V. Johnston, The relationship between erythemal UV and ozone derived from spectral irradiance measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1991, 18, 2269-2272.
22 P. V. Johnston, R. L. McKenzie, J. G. Keys and W. A. Matthews, Observations of depleted stratospheric NO2 following the Pinatubo volcanic eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1992, 19, 211-213.
23 R. L. McKenzie, M. Ilyas, J. E. Frederick and V. Filyushkin, Ultraviolet radiation changes, in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1991, Vol. Report No. 25, WMO Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Geneva, 1992, pp. 11.1-11.14.
24 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, M. Kotkamp, A. Bittar and J. D. Hamlin, Solar ultraviolet spectroradiometry in New Zealand: Instrumentation and sample results from 1990, Applied Optics, 1992, 31, 6501-6509.
25 G. Seckmeyer and R. L. McKenzie, Increased ultraviolet radiation in New Zealand (45° S) relative to Germany (48° N), Nature, 1992, 359, 135-137.
26 M. G. White, G. J. Smith, K. G. Ryan, R. B. Coppell, D. Backshall, C. J. Edmunds and R. L. McKenzie, Erythemal and carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation at three New Zealand cities, Weather and Climate, 1992, 12, 83-88.
27 G. E. Bodeker and R. L. McKenzie, Erythemal UV at 45°S: longitudinal and secular variability, Weather & Climate, 1993, 13, 17-21.
28 R. G. Grainger, R. E. Basher and R. L. McKenzie, UV-B Robertson-Berger meter characterization and field calibration, Applied Optics, 1993, 32, 343-349.
29 R. L. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp, G. Seckmeyer, R. Erb, C. R. Roy, H. P. Gies and S. J. Toomey, First southern hemisphere intercomparison of measured solar UV spectra, Geophysical Research Letters, 1993, 20, 2223-2226.
30 P. V. Johnston, J. G. Keys and R. L. McKenzie, NO2 column changes induced by volcanic eruptions, in Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1992 (Ed.: R. D. Hudson), NASA CP-3266, Greenbelt, Md, 1994, pp. 615-618.
31 M. Koike, N. B. Jones, W. A. Matthews, P. V. Johnston, R. L. McKenzie, D. Kinnison and J. Rodriguez, Impact of Pinatubo aerosols on the partitioning between NO2 and HNO3, Geophysical Research Letters, 1994, 21, 597-600.
32 S. Madronich, R. L. McKenzie, M. M. Caldwell and L. O. Björn, Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, in Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1994 Assessment eds.: J. C. van der Leun, X. Tang and M. Tevini, UNEP, Nairobi, 1994, pp. 1-22.
33 R. L. McKenzie, UV spectral irradiance measurements in New Zealand: effects of Pinatubo volcanic aerosol, in Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1992 (Ed.: R. D. Hudson), NASA CP-3266, Greenbelt, Md, 1994, pp. 627-630.
34 R. L. McKenzie, J. M. Rosen, N. T. Kjome, T. J. McGee, M. R. Gross, U. N. Singh, R. F. Ferrare, P. Kimvilakani, O. Uchino and T. Nagai, Multi-wavelength profiles of aerosol backscatter over Lauder, New Zealand, 24 November 1992, Geophysical Research Letters, 1994, 21, 789-792.
35 J. M. Rosen, N. T. Kjome, R. L. McKenzie and J. B. Liley, Decay of Mount Pinatubo aerosol at midlatitudes in the northern and southern hemispheres, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99, 25733-25739.
36 J. Zeng, R. McKenzie, K. Stamnes, M. Wineland and J. Rosen, Measured UV spectra compared with discrete ordinate method simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99, 23019-23030.
37 D. Hofmann, P. Bonasoni, M. De Maziere, F. Evangelisti, G. Giovanelli, A. Goldman, F. Goutail, J. Harder, R. Jakoubek, P. Johnston, J. Kerr, W. A. Matthews, T. McElroy, R. McKenzie, G. Mount, U. Platt, J.-P. Pommereau, A. Sarkissian, P. Simon, S. Solomon, J. Stutz, A. Thomas, M. Van Roozendael and E. Wu, Intercomparison of UV/visible spectrometers for measurements of stratospheric NO2 for the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995, 100, 16,765-16,791.
38 S. Madronich, R. L. McKenzie, M. M. Caldwell and L. O. Björn, Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, Ambio, 1995, 24, 143-152.
39 R. L. McKenzie, M. Blumthaler, R. Booth, S. B. Diaz, J. E. Frederick, T. Ito, S. Madronich and G. Seckmeyer, Surface ultraviolet radiation, in UNEP/WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994, Vol. Report No. 37 eds.: D. L. Albritton, R. T. Watson and P. J. Aucamp, WMO Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Geneva, 1995, pp. 9.1-9.22.
40 R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Comment on "Problems of UV-B radiation measurements in biological research: critical remarks on current techniques and suggestions for improvements" by H. Tug and M.E.M. Baumann, Geophysical Research Letters, 1995, 22, 1157-1158.
41 G. Seckmeyer, B. Mayer, G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, M. Kotkamp, C. R. Booth, T. Lucas, T. Mestechkina, C. R. Roy, H. P. Gies and D. Tomlinson, Geographical differences in the UV measured by intercompared spectroradiometers, Geophysical Research Letters, 1995, 22, 1889-1892.
42 G. E. Bodeker and R. L. McKenzie, An algorithm for inferring surface UV irradiance including cloud effects, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1996, 35, 1860-1877.
43 B. A. Bodhaine, R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, D. J. Hofmann, E. G. Dutton, R. C. Schnell, J. E. Barnes, S. C. Ryan and M. Kotkamp, New ultraviolet spectroradiometer measurements at Mauna Loa observatory, Geophysical Research Letters, 1996, 23, 2121-2124.
44 R. L. McKenzie, Ozone depletion and UV radiation: a health risk to New Zealanders? The New Zealand Public Health Report, 1996, 3, 75-77.
45 R. L. McKenzie, G. E. Bodeker, D. J. Keep, M. Kotkamp and J. H. Evans, UV radiation in New Zealand: measured North to South differences, and relationship to other latitudes, Weather and Climate, 1996, 16, 17-26.
46 R. L. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp and W. Ireland, Upwelling UV spectral irradiances and surface albedo measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, Geophysical Research Letters, 1996, 23, 1757-1760.
47 B. A. Bodhaine, E. G. Dutton, D. J. Hofmann, R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Spectral UV measurements at Mauna Loa: July 1995-July 1996, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997, 102, 19,265-19,273.
48 J. B. Liley and R. L. McKenzie, Time-dependent wavelength non-linearities in spectrometers for solar UV monitoring, in IRS '96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation (Eds.: W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes), Deepak, Hampton, Va, 1997, pp. 845-848.
49 R. L. McKenzie, K. J. Paulin and M. Kotkamp, Erythemal UV irradiances at Lauder, New Zealand: relationship between horizontal and normal incidence, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1997, 66, 683-689.
50 M. N. Ross, J. R. Benbrook, W. R. Sheldon, P. F. Zittel and D. L. McKenzie, Observation of stratospheric ozone depletion in rocket exhaust plumes, Nature, 1997, 390, 62-64.
51 G. Bernhard, G. Seckmeyer, R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Ratio spectra as a quality control tool for solar spectral UV measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103, 28,855-28,861.
52 B. A. Bodhaine, E. G. Dutton, R. L. McKenzie and P. V. Johnston, Calibrating broadband UV instruments: ozone and solar zenith angle dependence, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1998, 15, 916-926.
53 S. Madronich, R. L. McKenzie, L. O. Björn and M. M. Caldwell, Changes in biologically-active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, in Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1998 Assessment eds.: J. C. van der Leun, X. Tang and M. Tevini, UNEP, Nairobi, 1998, pp. 1-27.
54 S. Madronich, R. L. McKenzie, L. O. Björn and M. M. Caldwell, Changes in biologically-active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1998, 46, 5-19.
55 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, G. E. Bodeker, M. Kotkamp, B. A. Bodhaine, D. J. Hofmann, E. G. Dutton, R. C. Schnell, J. E. Barnes and S. C. Ryan, UV spectral irradiance comparison and contrast between Mauna Loa observatory, Hawaii, and Lauder, New Zealand, in Proceedings of the XVIII Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Vol. 2 (Eds.: R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti), Parco Scientifico e Technologico d'Abruzzio, L'Aquila, Italy, 1998, pp. 857-860.
56 R. L. McKenzie, K. J. Paulin, G. E. Bodeker, J. B. Liley and A. P. Sturman, Cloud cover measured by satellite and from the ground: relationship to UV radiation at the surface, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998, 19, 2969-2985.
57 R. L. McKenzie, K. J. Paulin and S. Madronich, Effects of snow cover on UV radiation and surface albedo: a case study, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103, 28785-28792.
58 A. R. Reisinger, G. J. Fraser, P. V. Johnston, R. L. McKenzie and W. A. Matthews, Slow-scanning DOAS system for urban air pollution monitoring, in Proceedings of the XVIII Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Vol. 2 (Eds.: R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti), Parco Scientifico e Technologico d'Abruzzio, L'Aquila, Italy, 1998, pp. 959-962.
59 J. L. Relethford and R. L. McKenzie, Reply (Response to "Comment on 'Hemispheric Differences in Skin Color' ", by Chaplin and Jablonski), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1998, 107, 223-224.
60 B. J. Connor, G. E. Bodeker, R. L. McKenzie and I. S. Boyd, The total ozone anomaly at Lauder, New Zealand, in 1997, Geophysical Research Letters, 1999, 26, 189-192.
61 J. R. Herman, R. L. McKenzie, S. B. Diaz, J. B. Kerr, S. Madronich and G. Seckmeyer, Ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface, in Chapter 5 of WMO Scientific Assessment of the Ozone Layer: 1998 eds.: D. L. Albritton, P. J. Aucamp, G. Megie and R. T. Watson, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No 44, Geneva, 1999.
62 R. McKenzie, B. Connor and G. Bodeker, Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss, Science, 1999, 285, 1709-1711.
63 R. L. McKenzie, B. J. Connor and G. E. Bodeker, Increased summertime UV observed in New Zealand in response to ozone loss, Science, 1999, 285, 1709-1711.
64 J. B. Liley, P. V. Johnston, R. L. McKenzie, A. J. Thomas and I. S. Boyd, Stratospheric NO2 variations from a long time series at Lauder, New Zealand, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000, 105, 11633-11640.
65 A. F. Bais, B. G. Gardiner, H. Slaper, M. Blumthaler, G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, A. R. Webb, G. Seckmeyer, B. Kjeldstad, T. Koskela, P. Kirsch, J. Groebner, J. B. Kerr, S. Kazadzis, K. Lesczynski, D. Wardle, C. Brogniez, W. Josefsen, D. Gillotay, H. Reinen, P. Weihs, T. Svenøe, P. Eriksen, F. Kuik and A. Redondas, SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers, J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106, 12509-12526.
66 G. E. Bodeker, J. C. Scott, K. Kreher and R. L. McKenzie, Global ozone trends in potential vorticity coordinates using TOMS and GOME intercompared against the Dobson network: 1978-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106, 23029-23042.
68 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, D. Smale, B. A. Bodhaine and S. Madronich, Altitude effects on UV spectral irradiance deduced from measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, and at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2001, 106, 22845-22860.
69 R. L. McKenzie, G. Seckmeyer, A. F. Bais, J. B. Kerr and S. Madronich, Satellite retrievals of erythemal UV dose compared with ground-based measurements at northern and southern midlatitudes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2001, 106, 24051-24062.
70 G. Seckmeyer, A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, P. Disterhoft, P. Eriksen, R. L. McKenzie, M. Miyauchi and C. Roy, Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet irradiance. Part 1: spectral instruments, World Meteorological Organisation Report No., Geneva, 2001, p. 30
71 S. R. Wilson, B. W. Forgan and R. L. McKenzie, Field comparison of UV-B spectral radiometer calibrations, Applied Optics, 2001, in prep.
72 L. O. Björn and R. L. McKenzie, Ozone depletion and effects of ultraviolet radiation, in Photobiology. The science of light and life ed.: L. O. Björn, Kluwer publications, Kordrecht, 2002.
73 R. L. McKenzie, L. O. Björn, A. Bais and M. Ilyas, Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface., WMO/UNEP, 2002, p. 10
74 R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, A. Hofzumahaus, A. Kraus, S. Madronich, C. Cantrell, J. Calvert and R. Shetter, Relationship between photolysis frequencies derived from spectroscopic measurements of actinic fluxes and irradiances during the IPMMI campaign, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2002, 107, 10.1029/2001JD000601.
75 R. L. McKenzie and S. Madronich, Ultraviolet, Surface, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 6 eds.: J. R. Holton, J. Pyle and J. A. Curry, Academic Press, London, 2002, pp. 2474-2480.
76 J. Slusser, W. Gao and R. McKenzie, Advances in ground-based and space-based measurements and modeling - guest editorial, Optical Engineering, 2002, 41, 3006-3007.
77 A. F. Bais, S. Madronich, J. Crawford, S. Hall, B. Mayer, M. VanWeele, J. Lenoble, J. Calvert, C. Cantrell, R. Shetter, A. Hofzumahaus, P. Koepke, P. Monks, G. Frost, R. McKenzie, N. Krotkov, A. Kylling, S. Lloyd, W. Swartz, G. Pfister, T. Martin, P. Roth, E. Griffioen, A. Ruggaber, M. Krol, A. Kraus, G. Edwards, M. Mueller, B. Lefer, P. Johnston, H. Schwander, D. Flittner, B. G. Gardiner, J. Barrick and R. Schmitt, International photolysis frequency measurement and model intercomparison: Spectral actinic solar flux measurements and modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108, 8543.
78 J. B. Kerr, G. Seckmeyer, A. F. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, S. B. Diaz, N. A. Krotkov, D. Lubin, R. L. McKenzie, A. A. Sabziparvar and J. Verdebout, Surface ultraviolet radiation: Past and future, in Chapter 5 of WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002 eds.: A.-L. Ajavon, N., D. L. Albritton, G. Megie and R. T. Watson, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 47, Geneva, 2003, p. 47.
79 R. McKenzie, D. Smale, G. Bodeker and H. Claude, Ozone profile differences between Europe and New Zealand: Effects on surface UV irradiance and its estimation from satellite sensors, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003, 108, 4179.
80 R. L. McKenzie, Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2002 assessment, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2003, 2, 1-72.
81 R. L. McKenzie, L. O. Björn, A. Bais and M. Ilyas, Changes in biologically-active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2003, 2, 5-15.
82 S. E. Nichol, G. Pfister, G. E. Bodeker, R. L. McKenzie, S. W. Wood and G. Bernhard, Mitigation of cloud reduction of UV in the Antarctic due to high surface albedo, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2003, 42, 1174-1183.
83 G. Pfister, R. L. McKenzie, J. B. Liley, A. Thomas, B. W. Forgan and C. N. Long, Cloud coverage based on all-sky imaging and its impact on surface solar irradiance, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2003, 42, 1421-1434.
84 R. E. Shetter, W. Junkermann, W. H. Swartz, G. J. Frost, J. H. Crawford, B. L. Lefer, J. D. Barrick, S. R. Hall, A. Hofzumahaus, A. Bais, J. G. Calvert, C. A. Cantrell, S. Madronich, M. Müller, A. Kraus, P. S. Monks, G. D. Edwards, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, R. Schmitt, E. Griffioen, M. Krol, A. Kylling, R. R. Dickerson, S. A. Lloyd, T. Martin, B. Gardiner, B. Mayer, G. Pfister, E. P. Röth, P. Koepke, A. Ruggaber, H. Schwander and M. van Weele, Photolysis frequency of NO2: Measurement and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI), J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108, 10.1029/2002JD002932.
85 A. Hofzumahaus, B. Lefer, P. Monks, S. R. Hall, A. Kylling, B. Mayer, R. Shetter, W. Junkermann, B. Bohn, A. Bais, J. Calvert, C. Cantrell, S. Madronich, G. Edwards, A. Kraus, M. Muller, R. Schmitt, P. Johnston, R. McKenzie, G. Frost, E. Griffioen, M. Krol, T. Martin, G. Pfister, E. Roth, A. Ruggaber, W. Swartz and M. V. Weele, Photolysis frequency of O3 to O(1D): Measurements and modeling during the international photolysis frequency measurements and modeling intercomparison (IPMMI), J. Geophys. Res., 2004, 109, D08S90 10.1029/2003JD004333.
86 R. McKenzie, D. Smale and M. Kotkamp, Relationship between UVB and erythemally weighted radiation, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2004, 3, 252 - 256.
87 R. L. McKenzie, L. O. Björn, A. Bais and M. Ilyas, Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report 2003, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2004, 3, 1-5.
88 G. Seckmeyer and R. L. McKenzie, A travelling standard for the NDSC spectroradiometers, NDSC Newsletter, 2004, 2, 4-5.
89 M. Allen and R. McKenzie, Enhanced UV exposure on a ski-field compared with exposures at sea level, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2005, 4, 429-437.
90 J. Badosa, J. A. Gonzàlez, J. Calbó, M. V. Weele and R. L. McKenzie, Using a parameterization of a radiative transfer model to build high resolution maps of typical UV index in Catalonia, Spain, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005, 44, 789–803.
91 R. L. McKenzie, J. Badosa, M. Kotkamp and P. V. Johnston, Effects of the temperature dependence in PTFE diffusers on observed UV irradiances, Geophysical Research Letters, 2005, 32.
92 B. Allan, K. Riedel, R. McKenzie, S. Nichol and T. Clarkson, Earth, Sea and Sky: Atmosphere, Ministry for Culture and Heritage, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/ClimateAndAtmosphere/Atmosphere/en, accessed updated 9-Jun-2006, http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/ClimateAndAtmosphere/Atmosphere/en.
93 R. McKenzie, P. Johnston and B. Liley, Huge seasonal and latitudinal variability in vitamin-D production from sunlight, New Zealand Family Physician (NZFP), 2006, 32, 87-88.
94 R. McKenzie, B. Liley and P. Johnston, UV exposure and vitamin D production (editorial), New Zealand Public Health Surveillance Report (NZPHSR), 2006, 4, 2.
95 R. L. McKenzie, Ozone and UV, in NZ OnLine Encyclopedia: "Earth, Sea, and Sky", 2006.
96 R. L. McKenzie, G. E. Bodeker, G. Scott and J. Slusser, Geographical differences in erythemally-weighted UV measured at mid-latitude USDA sites, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2006, 5, 343-352.
97 S. Wuttke, G. Bernhard, J. C. Ehramjian, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, M. O'Neill and G. Seckmeyer, New spectrometers complying with the NDSC standards, Journal of Oceanic and Atmospheric Technology, 2006, 23, 241-251.
98 B. J. Connor, G. E. Bodeker and R. L. McKenzie, On the connection of summertime ozone and ultraviolet radiation at Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes to the Antarctic ozone hole, Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, submitted.
99 J. Badosa, R. L. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp, J. Calbó, J. A. González, P. V. Johnston, M. O'Neill and D. J. Anderson, Towards closure between measured and modelled UV under clear skies at four diverse sites, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007, 7, 2817-2837.
100 A. F. Bais, D. Lubin, Coauthors:, A. Arola, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, N. Chubarova, C. Erlick, H. P. Gies, N. Krotkov, K. Lantz, B. Mayer, R. L. McKenzie, R. D. Piacentini, G. Seckmeyer, J. R. Slusser and C. S. Zerefos, Surface ultraviolet radiation: Past, present and future, in Chapter 7 of WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006 eds.: D. L. Albritton, A.-L. Ajavon, N. and R. T. Watson, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 55, Geneva, 2007, p. 58.
101 L. O. Björn and R. L. McKenzie, Attempts to probe the ozone layer and the UV-B levels of the past, Ambio, 2007, 36, 366-371.
102 D.-P. Häder, M. Lebert, M. Schuster, L. del Ciampo, E. W. Helbling and R. McKenzie, ELDONET - a decade of monitoring solar radiation on five continents, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2007, 83, 1–10.
103 J. Livesey, P. Elder, J. Ellis, C. Florkowski, R. McKenzie and B. Liley, Response to the letter by Bolland et al on defining vitamin D deficiency, New Zealand Medical Journal, 2007, 120.
104 J. Livesey, P. Elder, J. Ellis, R. McKenzie, B. Liley and C. Florkowski, Seasonal variation in vitamin D levels in the Canterbury population in relation to available UV radiation, New Zealand Medical Journal, 2007, 120, http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1262/2733/.
105 R. L. McKenzie, P. J. Aucamp, A. F. Bais, L. O. Björn and M. Ilyas, Changes in biologically-active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface (Chapter 1 of the UNEP Effects Panel Assessment: 2006), Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2007, 6, 218-231.
106 P. Salmon, W. Chan, J. Griffin, R. McKenzie and M. Rademaker, Extremely High levels of Melanoma and Melanoma-in-situ in Tauranga, New Zealand: Possible Causes and Comparisons with Australia and the Northern Hemisphere., Australasian J Dermatology, 2007, 48, 208-216.
107 A. Tanskanen, A. Lindfors, A. Maatta, N. Krotkov, J. Herman, J. Kaurola, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, V. Filoletov, G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, Y. Kondo, M. O'Neill, H. Slaper, P. N. denOuter, A. Bais and J. Tamminen, Validation of the daily erythemal UV doses from Ozone Monitoring Instrument with ground-based UV measurement data, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 2007, 112.
108 M. Fukuda, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, Y. Kanaya, Y. Morino, H. Tanimoto, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, D. R. Blake and T. Murayama, Oxidation and removal of reactive nitrogen in Tokyo, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 2007, submitted.
109 G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp, S. Wood, C. R. Booth, J. C. Ehramjian, P. Johnston and S. E. Nichol, Comparison of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometers in Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113, D14310.
110 L. O. Björn and R. L. McKenzie, Ozone depletion and effects of ultraviolet radiation (revised), in Photobiology. The science of light and life, 2nd ed. ed.: L. O. Björn , Springer, Kordrecht, 2008, pp. Approx 685 p., with 267 illus.
111 M. Blumthaler, B. Schallhart, M. Schwarzmann, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, M. Kotkamp and H. Shiona, Spectral UV measurements of global irradiance, solar radiance, and actinic fluxes in New Zealand: inter comparison between instruments and model calculations, Journal of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science and Technology (JOAST), 2008, 25, 945-958.
112 S. D. Flint, C. L. Ballaré, M. M. Caldwell and R. McKenzie, Comment on "Extreme environments in the forests of Ushuaia, Argentina" by Hector D'Antoni et.al., Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35.
113 Y. Kondo, Y. Morino, M. Fukuda, Y. Kanaya, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, H. Tanimoto, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, D. R. Blake, T. Murayama and M. Koike, Formation and transport of oxidized reactive nitrogen, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol in Tokyo, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113.
114 K. Lantz, P. Disterhoft, J. Slusser, W. Gao, J. Berndt, G. Bernhard, S. Bloms, R. Booth, J. Ehramjian, L. Harrison, G. Janson, P. Johnston, P. Kiedron, R. McKenzie, M. Kimlin, P. Neale, M. O’Neill, V. Quang, G. Seckmeyer, T. Taylor, S. Wuttke and J. Michalsky, The 2003 North American Interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometers: Scanning and spectrograph instruments, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2008, 2, 023547.
115 R. L. McKenzie, Position Statement on the Risks and benefits of Sun Exposure in New Zealand, Cancer Society of New Zealand Report No., 2008, p. 18
116 R. L. McKenzie, C. Weinreis, P. V. Johnston, B. Liley, H. Shiona, M. Kotkamp, D. Smale, N. Takegawa and Y. Kondo, Effects of urban pollution on UV spectral irradiances, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008, 8, 5683–5697.
117 G. Seckmeyer, A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, K. Lantz and R. L. McKenzie, Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet irradiance. Part 2: Broadband instruments measuring erythemally weighted solar irradiance, World Meteorological Organisation Report No., Geneva, 2008, p. 51
118 G. Seckmeyer, M. Glandorf, C. Wichers, R. L. McKenzie, D. Henriques, F. Carvalho, A. R. Webb, A. M. Siani, A. Bais, B. Kjeldstad, C. Brogniez, P. Werle, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, J. Lenoble, J. Groebner, H. Slaper, P. N. denOuter and U. Feister, Europe's darker atmosphere in the UV-B, Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2008, 7, 10.1039/b804109a.
119 R. L. McKenzie and J. B. Liley, Balancing Risks and Benefits of UV radiation, in UV Radiation in Global Change: Measurements, Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems eds.: W. Gao, D. L. Schmoldt and J. R. Slusser, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag, Beijing, 2009, pp. 21-47 of 544.
120 R. L. McKenzie, J. B. Liley and L. O. Björn, UV Radiation: Balancing Risks and Benefits, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2009, 85, 88-98.
121 G. Seckmeyer, A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, S. Drüke, P. Kiedron, K. Lantz, R. L. McKenzie and S. Riechelmann, Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Part 4: Array Spectroradiometers, World Meteorological Organisation Report No. 191, Geneva, 2010.
122 G. Seckmeyer, A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, B. Johnsen, K. Lantz and R. McKenzie, Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Part 3: Multi-channel filter instruments, World Meteorological Organisation Report No. 190, Geneva, 2010.
123 A. Douglass, V. Fioletov, S. Godin-Beekmann, R. Müller, R. S. Stolarski, A. Webb, A. Arola, J. B. Burkholder, J. P. Burrows, M. P. Chipperfield, R. Cordero, C. David, P. N. d. Outer, S. B. Diaz, L. E. Flynn, M. Hegglin, J. R. Herman, P. Huck, S. Janjai, I. M. Jánosi, J. W. Krzyścin, Y. Liu, J. Logan, K. Matthes, R. L. McKenzie, N. J. Muthama, I. Petropavlovskikh, M. Pitts, S. Ramachandran, M. Rex, R. J. Salawitch, B.-M. Sinnhuber, J. Staehelin, S. Strahan, K. Tourpali, J. Valverde-Canossa and C. Vigouroux, Stratospheric Ozone and Surface Ultraviolet Radiation, in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010: Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report No. 52, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011, p. 516.
124 R. L. McKenzie, P. J. Aucamp, A. F. Bais, L. O. Björn, M. Ilyas and S. Madronich, Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011, 10, 182-198.
125 S. Nessvi, L. Johansson, J. Jopson, A. Stewart, A. Reeder, R. McKenzie and R. Scragg, Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in adult New Zealanders with ethnicity, skin colour and self-reported skin sensitivity to sun exposure, Photochemistry and Photobiology 2011, 87, 1173-1178.
126 P. Newman and R. McKenzie, UV impacts avoided by the Montreal Protocol, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011, 10 1152-1160.
127 P. Johnston and R. McKenzie, Characterisation of UV Irradiances in Solaria, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2011s.
128 L. Chen, G. Yan, T. Wang, H. Ren, J. Calbó, J. Zhao and R. McKenzie, Estimation of surface shortwave radiation components under all sky conditions: modeling and sensitivity analysis, Remote Sensing of the Environment, 2012, 123, 457–469.
129 R. McKenzie, R. Scragg, B. Liley, A. Stewart, P. Johnston, J. Wishart and R. Prematunga, Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D responses to multiple UV exposures from solaria: inferences for exposures to sunlight, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2012, 11, 1174-1185.
130 R. L. McKenzie, R. Scragg, J. B. Liley, P. V. Johnston, J. Wishart and A. Reeder, Sunburn versus vitamin D induced by UV from solaria and sunlight in New Zealand, Weather and Climate, 2012, 32, 51-65.
131 G. Seckmeyer, M. Klingebiel, S. Riechelmann, I. Lohse, R. L. McKenzie, J. B. Liley, M. W. Allen, A.-M. Siani and G. R. Casale, A Critical assessment of two types of personal UV dosimeters, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2012, 88, 215–222.
132 J. Badosa, J. Calbó, R. McKenzie, C. N. Long, B. Liley and J. A. González, A method to estimate erythemal UV from total solar irradiance measurements based on 9 years of 1-minute data at Lauder, New Zealand, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2013, 1531, 840-843.
133 R. McKenzie, B. Liley, P. Johnston, R. Scragg, A. Stewart, A. Reeder and M. Allen, Small doses from artificial UV sources elucidate the photo-production of vitamin D, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2013, 12, 1726–1737.
134 J. Badosa, J. Calbó, R. McKenzie, B. Liley, J.-A. González, B. Forgan and C. N. Long, Two methods for retrieving UV index for all cloud conditions from sky imager products or total SW radiation measurements, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2014, 90, 941–951.
135 R. McKenzie, M. Blumthaler, S. Diaz, V. Fioletov, J. Herman, G. Seckmeyer, A. Smedley and A. Webb, Rationalising nomenclature for UV doses and effects on humans, CIE Journal, 2014, 14.
136 C. E. Williamson, R. G. Zepp, R. M. Lucas, S. Madronich, A. T. Austin, C. L. Ballaré, M. Norval, B. Sulzberger, A. F. Bais, R. L. McKenzie, S. A. Robinson, D.-P. Häder, N. D. Paul and J. F. Bornman, Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate Nature Climate Change, 2014, 4, 434-441.
137 F. Zaratti, R. D. Piacentini, H. A. Guillén, S. H. Cabrera, J. B. Liley and R. L. McKenzie, Proposal for a modification of the UVI risk scale, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2014, 13, 980-985.
138 M. P. Chipperfield, S. S. Dhomse, W. Feng, R. L. McKenzie, G. J. M. Velders and J. A. Pyle, Quantifying the ozone and ultraviolet benefits already achieved by the Montreal Protocol Nature Communications, 2015, 6, 8.
139 P. Gies, R. Hooke, R. McKenzie, J. O’Hagan, S. Henderson, A. Pearson, M. Khazova, J. Javorniczky, K. King, M. Tully, M. Kotkamp, B. Forgan and S. Rhodes, An international intercomparison of solar UVR spectral measurement systems in Melbourne in 2013, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2015, 91, 1237-1246.
140 R. McKenzie, G. Bernhard, S. Madronich and F. Zaratti, Comment on “Record solar UV irradiance in the tropical Andes, by Cabrol et al.”, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2015, 3:26.
141 V. Nurse, C. Y. Wright, M. Allen and R. L. McKenzie, Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure of South African marathon runners during competition marathon runs and training sessions: A feasibility study, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2015.
142 J. Calbó, J.-A. González, J. Badosa, R. McKenzie and B. Liley, How large and how long are UV and total radiation enhancements? in International Radiation Symposium, Vol. 1810, AIP, Auckland, NZ, 2016.
143 B. Liley, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston and M. Kotkamp, 25 years of solar spectral UV measurements at 45°S, in International Radiation Symposium, Vol. 1810, AIP, Auckland, NZ, 2016.
144 R. McKenzie, B. Liley and P. Disterhoft, Peak UV: Spectral contributions from cloud enhancements, in International Radiation Symposium, Vol. 1810, AIP, Auckland, NZ, 2016.
145 A. I. Reeder, A. R. Gray, J. B. Liley, R. K. R. Scragg, R. L. McKenzie and A. W. Stewart, Factors associated with photoprotection by body clothing coverage, particularly in non-summer months, among a New Zealand community sample, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2016, 15, 389-397.
146 R. McKenzie, B. Liley and S. Madronich, Critical appraisal of data used to infer record UVI in the tropical andes, Photochem Photobiol Sci., 2017, 16, 785 - 794.
147 R. K. R. Scragg, A. W. Stewart, R. L. McKenzie, A. I. Reeder, J. B. Liley and M. W. Allen, Sun exposure and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in a community sample: Quantifying the association with electronic dosimeters, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2017, 22, 471-477.
148 J. Burke and R. McKenzie, Story behind the two UVI Apps: uv2Day and GlobalUV, in NIWA UV Workshop. UV Radiation: Effects on Human Health and the Environment (Ed.: R. McKenzie), NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand, 2018.
149 R. McKenzie, UV in the Melanoma Capital of the World, in NIWA UV Workshop. UV Radiation: Effects on Human Health and the Environment (Ed.: R. McKenzie), NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand, 2018.
150 R. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp, B. Liley and P. Disterhoft, Variability of UV at sites equipped with NIWA spectrometer systems for 20 years or more, in NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Annual Conference (Ed.: R. McKenzie), NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory Boulder, CO, 2018.
151 R. McKenzie, M. Kotkamp, B. Liley, P. Disterhoft and G. Bernhard, Long term variability and cloud effects in UV irradiances from NDACC spectrometers, in NIWA UV Workshop. UV Radiation: Effects on Human Health and the Environment (Ed.: R. McKenzie), NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand, 2018.
152 G. Seckmeyer, C. Mustert, M. Schrempf, R. L. McKenzie, J. B. Liley, M. Kotkamp, A. F. Bais, D. Gillotay, H. Slaper, A.-M. Siani, A. R. D. Smedley and A. Webb, Why is it so hard to gain enough Vitamin D by solar exposure in the European winter? Meterorologica Zeitshrift ?, 2019
153 R. McKenzie, G. Bernhard, B. Liley, P. Disterhoft, S. Rhodes, A. Bais, O. Morgenstern, P. Newman, L. Oman, C. Brogniez and S. Simic, Success of Montreal Protocol demonstrated by high-quality UV measurements compared with “World Avoided” calculations from two chemistry-climate models, Nature Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48625-z, 2109, 9, 12332.
About the Author
Richard McKenzie is an emeritus scientist with New Zealand’s National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA). He is based at their atmospheric research laboratory at Lauder Central Otago, where he was previously Section Leader, and Principal Scientist responsible for radiation research. Now retired from full time employment, he still lives in nearby Alexandra. A New Zealander by birth, he holds physics degrees from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand and the University of the South Pacific in Fiji. He has a DPhil in atmospheric physics from the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford.
He is a world leader in understanding the causes and effects of ozone depletion in the atmosphere and has authored more than 150 research papers published in the peer reviewed literature. He’s been lead author - since the early 1990s - for several Assessments mandated under the terms of the Montreal Protocol on Protection of the Ozone Layer. These include assessments of both the Science, and the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion. He’s now a director of his UV consultancy, The Top House Ltd.
Through his wide experience as an educator and communicator, he has the gift of being able to engage with the public in simple terms to make complex issues more digestible.